Author: paulpatenaude

Paul Patenaude a une expérience de plus de 35 années dans l'enseignement et l'animation pédagogique en mathématiques au primaire et au secondaire, au Québec et à l'étranger. Il est auteur ou co-auteur de nombreux ouvrages dédiés à l'enseignement des mathématiques dont ce lexique des termes utilisés avec les jeunes de 5 à 17 ans. Il peaufine ce lexique depuis plus de 30 ans. Prix d'excellence du GRMS (prix Claude Janvier) en 1997, prix du meilleur article de la revue l'Envol du GRMS (prix Euler) en 1992. Il adore voyager et a déjà exploré de nombreux pays sur les cinq continents, curieux à la fois des cultures et de l'histoire. Il apprécie recevoir vos commentaires et vos questions auxquelles il s'empressera de répondre.

Stem and Leaf Diagram

Diagram that allows you to study the data in the distribution of a statistical variable and to make a graphic representation of it simultaneously. Each individual piece of data is represented by its stem (first digits common to several pieces of data) and its leaf (the final digits of the same data). Example Consider the [...]

Continue Reading

Circle Graph

Diagram in the form of a circle in which each modality of a distribution of the data of a qualitative statistical variable occupies one sector of the circle (identified by a percentage or a fraction) where the area is proportional to the frequency of the modality. Example Here is some data we gathered by surveying [...]

Continue Reading

Scatter Graph

Diagram in which each piece of data in a distribution is represented by a point in order to generally display a visual approximation of the mean. Synonym for scatter plots for a distribution of data with one characteristic. Example This diagram illustrates the quantity of text messages sent by a group of 10 students during [...]

Continue Reading

Carroll Diagram

Diagram with multiple entries in which the elements of a set are classified inside a rectangle that represents the universal set in order to reveal a subset and its complement. Each area of the diagram contains elements that have shared characteristics. In a Carroll diagram, the elements are sometimes represented by dots, and sometimes by [...]

Continue Reading

Bar Graph

Diagram in which we represent the modalities of a qualitative statistical variable or the values of a distribution of a discrete quantitative statistical variable using vertical or horizontal bars. Examples Here is a vertical bar graph in the case of the distribution of a qualitative statistical variable. Here is a double bar graph that allows [...]

Continue Reading

Rod Graph

 

Continue Reading

Broken Line Graph

Diagram in which a line, formed by line segments, connects the points that represent the data. A broken line graph is a diagram that has a horizontal axis divided into units of time and a vertical axis that displays the values of the qualitative characteristic studied, and in which the data recorded are represented by [...]

Continue Reading

Common Denominator

Multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions. The lowest common denominator for two or more fractions (LCM) is the lowest whole number that is also a multiple of each denominator in these fractions. Example Consider the fractions \(\frac{4}{12}\) and \(\frac{8}{18}\) : the numbers 36 and 72 could act as a common denominator, but [...]

Continue Reading

Decimal Expansion of a Number

In a base-10 number system the decomposition of a number using power of ten. Example The decimal expansion of the number 5027.3 is: 5027.3 = (5 × 103) + (0 × 102) + (2 × 101) + (7 × 100) + (3 × 10-1) This expansion is also called the expanded form of the decimal [...]

Continue Reading

Enumeration

Systematic or sampling process that makes it possible to take inventory of all of the elements in a set or a representative sample of a population. Examples The Cartesian product, the probability tree and the lattice are examples of processes of systematic enumeration or census of the data of a population. The inquiry or the [...]

Continue Reading

Intensional Definition of a Set

Description of a set based on its defining property and its universal set. Example The set E of whole multiples of 2 can be defined intensionally like this: E = \(\left\{ x\in \mathbb{N}\ \Big\vert\ x\div 2\in \mathbb{N}\right\}\) .

Continue Reading

Extensional Definition of a Set

Description of a set based on a list of its elements. In general, the extensional definition of a set provides a list of all the elements in the set. When the set is not finite but includes a provisional set of elements, then we use an ellipsis to indicate that the list continues like it started. [...]

Continue Reading

Degree of an Angle

Term generally used to refer to the unit of measure of angles. A degree is the measure of a central angle whose sides intercept an arc that is \(\dfrac{1}{360}\) of the circumference of a circle. Symbols The symbol for the measure of an angle in degrees (°) is placed immediately to the right of the [...]

Continue Reading

Decimal Place

Name given to each digit that comes after the decimal point in the decimal notation of a number. Examples The number 23.078 is a number with 3 decimal places. The number 3.1416 is an approximation of π to four decimal places.

Continue Reading

Decilitre

Unit of measurement for capacity that is equivalent to one-tenth of a litre. Notation The symbol for a decilitre is "dl". One litre is equivalent to ten decilitres and we write: 1 L = 10 dl.

Continue Reading

Decimetre

Unit of measurement for length that is equivalent to one-tenth of a metre. Notation The symbol for decimetre is "dm". One metre is equivalent to ten decimetres and we write: 1 m = 10 dm.

Continue Reading

Decreasing

From greatest to least.

Continue Reading

Decalitre

Unit of measurement for capacity that is equal to ten litres. The decalitre is a multiple of the base unit, which is the litre. Notation The symbol for the decalitre is "dal". One decalitre is equivalent to 10 litres and we write: 1 dal = 10 L.

Continue Reading

Decametre

Unit of measurement for length that is equal to ten metres. Notation The symbol for the decametre is "dam". A decametre is equivalent to 10 metres and we write: 1 dam = 10 m.

Continue Reading

Growth

Concept associated with various mathematical objects such as number sequences, functions or graphs that describes how an object increases (grows) or decreases (shrinks). Properties The growth properties of a mathematical object are related to the object’s characteristics: Linear growth Characteristic of a phenomenon that increases continuously in a given interval, according to a linear rule [...]

Continue Reading

Cryptarithm

Game where digits are replaced by letters or other symbols in an arithmetic operation. In a cryptarithm, a single symbol (letter or other symbol) replaces a single digit. If the different elements form a meaning, then the cryptarithm is called an alphametic. Example Replace the letters with digits so that the numbers found produce an [...]

Continue Reading

Cube of a Number

The product of a number multiplied by itself three times. A whole number that is the cube of another whole number is sometimes called a perfect cube. The cubes of the first 12 whole numbers are: 0, 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000, 1331. All of these cubes, except for 0, [...]

Continue Reading

Cycle

Sequence of elements or pattern of a phenomena that repeats continuously. The word cycle has different meanings depending on the domain where it is used. In math, we find this term among others in graph theory and in the study of periodic phenomena like trigonometric functions. Examples The cycle of the seasons. The respiratory cycle. [...]

Continue Reading

Ascending

Term that describes that which is ordered from least to greatest. We can arrange numbers in ascending order, which is to say from least to greatest. -12, -7, -1, 0, 6, 11, 23 See also : Ascending order

Continue Reading

Sieve of Eratosthenes

Algorithm that makes it possible to find all the prime numbers up to a given number. This algorithm is described by these instructions: To find all of the prime numbers up to a given number n: Write a list of all the whole numbers from 1 to n in a table; Eliminate 1, which is [...]

Continue Reading

Criterion

Synonym of characteristic. See also : Divisibility characteristic

Continue Reading

Inverse Pairs

Pairs in which the origin of the first is the end point of the second, and the end point of the first is the origin of the second. Synonym for symmetrical pairs. Example The pairs (a, b) and (b, a) are the inverse of one another. We also say that the pair (a, b) is [...]

Continue Reading

Cotangent of an Angle

Inverse of the tangent of an angle. \(\tan{(\textit{θ})} = \dfrac{y}{x}\) \(\cot{(\textit{θ})} = \dfrac{1}{\textrm{tan}\space{(\textit{θ})}} = \dfrac{x}{y}\) The cotangent of angle x is noted as "cot(x)" and is read as "cotangent of angle x".

Continue Reading

Z-Score (Or Standard Score) of a Datum

Statistical characteristic of a statistical datum x equal to \(\dfrac {x-\overline{x}} {\sigma }\), where \(\overline{x}\) is the arithmetic mean and σ is the standard deviation of the statistical series. The Z-score corresponds to the number of standard deviations separating a result from the mean. This score is one of the coordinates primarily used to assess [...]

Continue Reading

Cosecant of an Angle

Inverse of the sine of an angle. Notation The expression "csc(x)" is read as "cosecant of angle x". \(\sin(\textit{θ})  =  \dfrac{y}{1}\) \(\textrm{csc}(\textit{θ})  =  \dfrac{1}{\sin(\textit{θ})} \space = \space \dfrac{1}{y}\)

Continue Reading

Cosine of an Angle

Algebraic measure of the orthogonal projection on one of the sides of an angle of measure θ of a unit vector carried by the other side of the angle.   \(\cos{(\textit{θ})}\space = \space \frac{x}{1}\space = \space x\)     When we associate with any real number the cosine of the angle whose measure, in the circular [...]

Continue Reading

correlation

Link or dependency relation between two statistical or probabilistic phenomena. The mathematical model that corresponds to this link makes it possible to define a linear correlation (if the graph of the general model is a line), a quadratic correlation (if the graph of the general model is a parabola), an exponential correlation (if the graph [...]

Continue Reading

Linear Correlation

Mathematical model that characterizes the connection or the relation of dependence between two statistical or probabilistic phenomena in which we observe that the ordered pairs of data seem to gather around a line. This line is called the line of regression. A positive linear correlation corresponds to a correlation in which the line of regression [...]

Continue Reading

Corollary

In mathematical reasoning, a statement that results immediately from a proposition that has already been demonstrated as a clear consequence. A corollary is a simple proposition that results from the proposition demonstrated by reasoning. Example Here is a proposition: The measure in degrees of an inscribed angle is equal to half of the measure in [...]

Continue Reading

Field

Name given to an algebraic structure (K, ⊕ , ⊗) formed by a set K in which two operations denoted by ⊕ and ⊗ are second internal binary operation that satisfy the following conditions: (K, ⊕) forms a commutative group; (K*, ⊗) forms a group in which K* is composed of all the elements of K except for [...]

Continue Reading

Contradiction

Compound logical proposition that is always false, no matter what truth values are attributed to its components. Synonym for a proposition that is always false. In Boolean logic, algebra in which all propositions that are true, are false, but not both at the same time. The "principle of non-contradiction" is the law that says that [...]

Continue Reading

X- and Y-Intercepts

In a Cartesian plane, the coordinates of the intersections of a curve with the axes. If a curve intersects with the x-axis at the point (a, 0) and the y-axis at the point (0, b), a is the x-intercept and b is the y-intercept. Example In this Cartesian plane, the x- and y-intercepts of the [...]

Continue Reading

Coordinates of a Point

N-tuple formed by numbers, letters, or both that is used to determine the position of a point in the coordinate system in a plane, such as a table or Cartesian graph, or in space, such as a polar coordinate system. In a Cartesian coordinate system of a plane where the coordinates are formed by pairs [...]

Continue Reading

Consecutive

That which follows. Properties One particular feature of the sets of rational numbers and real numbers, is that between two consecutive terms, we can find an infinite number of other rational or real numbers, a property that cannot be verified in the sets of whole numbers and integers. Examples In the number sequence 1, 2, [...]

Continue Reading

Conjunction

The conjunction of two propositions P and Q is the proposition that is true when the propositions P and Q are both true, and false if one of the two propositions is false. Symbol The logical conjunction of the propositions P and Q is noted as "P ∧ Q" and is read as: "P or [...]

Continue Reading

Connector

In mathematical logic, the symbol used to create new propositions from given propositions or new propositional forms from given propositional forms. Symbols The main connectors used in mathematical logic are: the connector for the conjunction "and" is symbolized by "∧" the connector for the disjunction "or" is symbolized by "∨" the connector for the negation "not" is symbolized [...]

Continue Reading

Consequence

That which follows, that which results from, or the conclusion in a line of reasoning. In mathematical logic, the second of the two terms in a conditional propositional form or an implication. Example In the statement, "if a quadrilateral has one pair of parallel sides, then this quadrilateral is a trapezoid", the antecedent is the [...]

Continue Reading

Congruence of Numbers

Two integers are called congruent modulo n if their difference is a multiple of n, n being an integer. We can also say that two integers are congruent modulo n if they have the same remainder from their Euclidean division by n. In modular arithmetic modulo n, the results of operations are expressed modulo n. [...]

Continue Reading

Conjecture

Statement that we accept as true but that we do not know the truth value of because we have not yet demonstrated or refuted it. A conjecture can be used as a hypothesis in a demonstration. In a mathematical demonstration, a conjecture is sometimes called a hypothesis or a postulate. Example The Goldbach conjecture states [...]

Continue Reading

Composition of Functions

Given a function f, defined as E in F, and a function g, defined as F in G, the composite of f and g is the function defined as E in G which applies all elements x of E on g(f(x)). The result of the composition of two functions is called the composite of these [...]

Continue Reading

Complement of a Set

In a universal set U, the complement of set E is all of the elements of U that do not belong to set E. Notation The complement of set E is noted as E’. Example E = {5, 6, 7} and E' = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Continue Reading

Conditional

Relationship between two propositional forms P and Q, noted "P → Q" or "if P then Q", that is false only if the antecedent P is true and the consequence Q is false. Synonym for conditional propositional form. P Q P → Q T T F F T F T F T F T T

Continue Reading

concave

Synonym of non-convex. Example This is a concave polygon: This is a concave polyhedron:

Continue Reading

Combination

In a set E that includes n elements, any subset of E that includes k elements. In a combination, the order of elements is not involved. combination without repetition or without reduction Synonym of combination. combination with repetition or with reduction Combination of elements in a set E in which the repetitions (or reductions) are [...]

Continue Reading

Linear Combination

Sum of the products of the elements in a set V of mathematical objects by the elements in a set S of scalars. Example If the variables x and y belong to a set of real numbers and a and b are integers, then the expression \(z = ax + by\) represents the real number [...]

Continue Reading

Combinatorics

Part of probability calculations that deals with processes of enumerating finite sets. We also say "combinatorial analysis". Among other things, combinatorics provides formulas to calculate the number of possible arrangements of n objects taken k at a time or the number of combinations of n objects taken k at a time or the number of permutations [...]

Continue Reading

Square Centimetre

Unit of area equal to the measure of the surface of a square that is 1 cm by 1 cm. Notation The abbreviation for "square centimetre" is "cm²".

Continue Reading

Cubic Centimetre

Unit of volume equal to the measure of the space occupied by a cube that is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm. Notation The abbreviation for "cubic centimetre" is "cm³".

Continue Reading

Classification

Set of rules to apply in a sorting or that determines an order in objects. In general, we distinguish sorting from classification based on the fact that classification is a set of rules that define the sorting. The classification defines a set of rules applicable to the set of objects to classify. Examples Classification of [...]

Continue Reading

Class

Element of a partition of a set. A class groups together objects that have the same attributes. Examples The class of quadrilaterals includes all polygons that have 4 sides. The class of rhombuses includes all quadrilaterals that have 4 isometric sides and two pairs of isometric opposite angles. The class of even numbers includes all [...]

Continue Reading

Sorting

Action of dividing up objects or numbers according to certain attributes or characteristics. In general, we distinguish sorting from classification by the fact that classification is the set of rules that define the sorting. Sorting consists of arranging according to the rules of the classification. Example Sorting whole numbers into prime numbers and composite numbers [...]

Continue Reading

Digit

Symbol used to write numbers. In our base-10 number system, there are ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The number system used by the Romans in Antiquity used the letters of the Latin alphabet, which had different values depending on their position in the number. The digits in this [...]

Continue Reading

Significant Digit

In a measurement context, any digit that is certain and necessary to define this measurement, or an uncertain digit evaluated by the person who is taking the measurement. The most significant digit is the first digit of a number, if this digit is different from zero. The least significant digit is the one (generally the [...]

Continue Reading

Path

In a directed graph, a sequence of consecutive arcs. Every arc in the sequence has one endpoint in common with the previous arc and the other endpoint with the next arc. The number of arcs in a path determines the length of the path. The longest path in a directed graph is the diameter of [...]

Continue Reading

Circuit

In a directed graph, a path that starts and ends at the same vertex. In a directed graph, the length of a circuit is the number of arcs that make up this circuit. Example In this directed graph, the path made up of the arcs a, b, c, d, e and n in order is [...]

Continue Reading

Chronogram

Statistical diagram that is used to represent the values taken by a characteristic that evolves over time. A chronogram generally takes the form of a bar graph or, like below, a broken line graph. Example

Continue Reading

Chain

In an undirected graph, a sequence of consecutive edges. Each edge in the sequence has one endpoint in common with the previous edge and the other endpoint is shared with the next edge. The number of edges in a chain determines the length of the chain. The length of the chain is called the order [...]

Continue Reading

Chance (Possible Result)

Possibility that an event will occur or the possibility of obtaining a particular result in a random experiment. "chances for" In an experiment where the universe of possible outcomes is made up of equally probable results (random experiment), we determine the "chances for" an event using the ratio: \(\dfrac{\text{number of favourable results}}{\text{number of unfavourable results}}\) [...]

Continue Reading

Perfect Square

A number that is the square of a whole number. Examples 16 is a perfect square because 4² = 16 and 4 is a whole number. 20 is not a perfect square because \(\sqrt {20}\) is not a whole number. Educational Note The expression “perfect square” should not be applied to any algebraic expression. So, [...]

Continue Reading

Percentile

Each of the numbers that divide a set of observations into 100 parts with equal frequencies. Each of these parts represents 1/100 of the sample of the population observed. The percentile rank corresponds to the proportion of the values of a distribution that is less than or equal to a determined value. Formula To calculate [...]

Continue Reading

Centilitre

Unit of measurement for capacity that is equal to one-hundredth of a litre. Notation The abbreviation for "centilitre" is "cl".

Continue Reading

Centimetre

Unit of measurement for length that is equal to one-hundredth of a metre. Notation The abbreviation for "centimetre" is "cm".

Continue Reading

Cardinal of a Set

Number of elements in a set. Notation The cardinal of a set E is noted as: n(E). Some authors also use: card(E). This notation is much less common, however. Example Consider E = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}; therefore, n(E) = 8

Continue Reading

Square of a Number

Product of a number multiplied by itself. Notation The square of a number \(n\) is noted \(n^2\) and \(n^2\) = \(n\) × \(n\). Examples The square of 6 is \(6^2\) = 6 × 6 = 36. Here is a table of the squares of the first 12 whole numbers: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [...]

Continue Reading

Magic Square

Table of whole numbers arranged in a square (3 × 3, 4 × 4, etc.) so that the sum of the numbers vertically, horizontally, and diagonally is always the same. If the whole numbers used are consecutive from 1 to n², we call this a normal magic square of n by n. The sum of the number on [...]

Continue Reading

Cartesian Square

Cartesian product of a set by itself. Example Consider the set A = {a, b, c}, then A × A = A² = {(a, a), (a, b), (a,c), (b, a), (b, b), (b, c), (c, a), (c, b), (c, c)} is the Cartesian square in A. We can represent a Cartesian square of a set with a [...]

Continue Reading

Characteristic

Property, law, or rule that describes the specific features of a particular math object or that which makes it possible to verify if this object does or does not have this specific feature.

Continue Reading

Statistical Attribute

Characteristic on which a statistical study is based. Qualitative statistical attribute Attribute that cannot be associated to one discrete or continuous numerical set. We talk about qualitative attributes when this attribute is not quantitative (language, preference, industry, colour, gender, etc…) Continuous quantitative statistical attribute Statistical attribute that can take all values contained in a given [...]

Continue Reading

Capacity

Space or quantity of matter that a container can hold. In the international system, the unit of measure for capacity is the litre. A measurement of capacity is a number that expresses how much a container holds. Example The edge of this cube measures 1 centimetre (1 cm). Its volume is 1 cubic centimetre (1 [...]

Continue Reading

Measure of Position

Specific value of a measure of central tendency.

Continue Reading

Characteristic of Dispersion

Particular value of a measure of dispersion.

Continue Reading

To Calculate

Carrying out an operation in order to obtain the result. Educational Note In arithmetics, “to carry out an operation” generally implies using a written or mental calculation algorithm. However, for many years now, effective electronic tools have appeared in classrooms: pocket calculators, scientific calculators, programmable calculators, tablets, computers, etc. Increasingly, the instruction “to calculate” will [...]

Continue Reading

Calculation

Implementation of rules to transform a mathematical quantity. Calculating probabilities Process of counting used in probability theory. Literal calculation Calculation on literal expressions – algebraic expressions, propositions, vectors – according to certain rules and algorithms that are unique to these expressions. Numerical calculation Calculation on real numbers according to certain rules and algorithms that are unique to [...]

Continue Reading

Neighbourhood of a Number

The neighbourhood of a real number x is an open interval of \(\mathbb{R}\) that contains x. Example The interval ]3, 3.2[ is a neighbourhood of the real number π.

Continue Reading

Zero

Cardinal of an empty set. The number zero is a natural number. The number zero is associated with a point on a number line that is the border between positive and negative numbers. The number zero is an even number. When zero is the exponent of a number, it transforms this number into a one: [...]

Continue Reading

Volume

Measure of the three-dimensional space occupied by a solid. Formulas Here are the main formulas in which \(A_{b}\) is the area of the base and V is the volume of the solid. Cube with edge a: a\(^{3}\) Right rectangular prism with edges a, b and c: V = a × b × c Cylinder and prism with [...]

Continue Reading

Neighbourhood of a Vertex of a Graph

Set of all the vertices adjacent to this vertex in a graph. Example We used red to represent each vertex in the neighbourhood of vertex S.

Continue Reading

Zero of a Function

The value x from the domain of a function f for which f(x) = 0. Example The values –2 and 3 are zeros of the function represented below, since f(–2) = 0 and f(3) = 0. Educational Note The expression zero of a function should not be confused with the expression solution to an equation. In the case of a function f [...]

Continue Reading

Twenty

Two times ten. See also : Polyhedron with twenty faces: see icosahedron.

Continue Reading

Variance

Arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations of a statistical variable in relationship the arithmetic mean of the distribution. Formulas In the case of an entire population, the variance is obtained by applying this formula: \(\dfrac {\sum \left( x_{i}-\mu \right) ^{2}} {N}\) In which μ represents the arithmetic mean of the distribution and \(N\) represents [...]

Continue Reading

vinculum

Latin word meaning link or chain. In general, when writing a numerical expression of mathematics, the vinculum is a sign used in various contexts to graphically relate symbols (digits or letters) that must be considered to form a whole. Examples Period of a fraction: \(0.\overline {142857}\) Radicand of a radical: \(3\sqrt{742} + 3\) Notation of a [...]

Continue Reading

Continuous Random Variable

Random variable for which the set of probabilities is an infinite subset of real numbers.

Continue Reading

Discrete Random Variable

Random variable for which the set of probabilities is a finite set. Example When rolling an honest die with six faces numbered 1 to 6, the possible outcomes belong to the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and the set of probabilities of the events is a finite subset of the interval [0, 1]. [...]

Continue Reading

Statistical Variable

Synonym for quantitative statistical attribute.

Continue Reading

Absolute Value of a Real Number

Positive real number that is equal to x if x is positive and that is equal to –x if x is strictly negative. Symbol The symbol is "| |" which is read as: "the absolute value of". The absolute value of a real number corresponds to the distance that separates this number from the origin [...]

Continue Reading

Approximate Value

Synonym of approximation. An approximate value by defect of a number is a value that is close to this number, less than it, as close as possible, and with a requested level of precision. The number 3.1415 is an approximate value by defect of the number π. An approximate value by excess of a number is a [...]

Continue Reading

Place Value

Numerical value associated with a digit in a number based on the place that it occupies in this number. Nomenclature The digits are associated to their place values from right to left, starting from the ones place value. The digits are grouped by threes, like how numbers are written in the decimal number system where [...]

Continue Reading

Numerical Value of an Algebraic Expression

Value of the expression in which we replaced each of the variables with numbers from their defined domains. Talking about the value of a digit is a short form to refer to the numerical value associated with a digit in the case of a number that only has one digit. Example Consider the algebraic expression 2x [...]

Continue Reading

Random Variable

Function f of the set of possible outcomes of a random experiment in a subset of the set of real numbers. A random variable is a set of ordered pairs (X, Y) in which X belongs to the set of possible outcomes of a random experiment and Y belongs to the set of probabilities of [...]

Continue Reading

Bound

Term used to represent the least or greatest object in a set of numbers or in a geometric shape. A bound may or may not belong to a set in question. The bounds of an interval are the limits of this interval.of this interval. The bounds of a shape is the border of this shape. [...]

Continue Reading

Loop

Graph representing the relationship of an element to itself. The loop of a graph in an  edge or arc that emerges from one vertex and returns back to itself. In the arrow diagram of a relation , a loop of the arrow diagram is an arrow that emerges from one element x and that returns to x. This [...]

Continue Reading

Trillion

A number that corresponds to one million millions, or 1012.

Continue Reading

One-To-One

Refers to a one-to-one correspondence between the objects in two sets. Example The rule \(f : \textrm{A} \rightarrow \textrm{B} : x \mapsto 2^x\)  is a one-to-one relation.

Continue Reading

Base of a Logarithm

A number that is used to define a system of logarithms. Notation The expression “logb(a)” is the logarithm of a number a with base b. Examples Example 1: In the expression “log2(8) = 3”, the base is 2 and 23 = 8. Example 2: In the expression “log10(100) = 2”, the base is 10 and [...]

Continue Reading

Base of a Number System

Order of magnitude of groupings in a positional number system. Examples The binary number system consists of groupings of two. Its base is two. The decimal number system consists of groupings of ten. Its base is ten. Depending on the base of the number system used, a number does not represent the cardinal of the [...]

Continue Reading

Try Buzzmath activities for free

and see how the platform can help you.

Try free activities