The representation of a polynomial as a product of monomials, other polynomials or a combination of the two.
This type of decomposition is generally called the factorization of a polynomial.
Examples
6ab + 4b = 2b (3a + 2)
16a2 – 9b2 = (4a + 3b)(4a – 3b)
15a2 + a – 6 = (3a + 2)(5a – 3)