Method used to determine new values for a specific mathematical model based on the examination of experimental data that led to the development of the model.
In statistics, new results are predicted by observing trends in the data examined. In probability, the probability of a specific outcome occurring can be determined based on the frequencies gathered over a large number of observations.
In certain contexts, prediction is sometimes called extrapolation or interpolation whereas we postulate that things will occur or would have occurred in this way if the trend were to continue.